冷备份 Oracle 的流程
下周的工作主要是进行一次 Oracle 的恢复演练，主要的操作就是利用 Oracle 的 RMAN 工具利用 Tivoli Storage Manager 的磁带中备份数据把 Oracle 数据库恢复到制定时间，由于只是恢复演练，所以工作完成后，还需要把演练用的数据库恢复到到演练前的状态，所以只能事先用 Oracle 冷...显示全部
下周的工作主要是进行一次 Oracle 的恢复演练，主要的操作就是利用 Oracle 的 RMAN 工具利用 Tivoli Storage Manager 的磁带中备份数据把 Oracle 数据库恢复到制定时间，由于只是恢复演练，所以工作完成后，还需要把演练用的数据库恢复到到演练前的状态，所以只能事先用 Oracle 冷备份的方式把 Oracle 备份一下，我咨询了我们公司的 DBA 详细的冷备份流程，决定写到这里加强记忆一下，冷备份的过程还是很简单易懂的，Oracle 冷备份的通常步骤如下：
正常关闭数据库
备份所有重要的文件到备份目录（数据文件、控制文件、重做日志文件等）
完成备份后启动数据库
用冷备份进行恢复时，只需要将所有文件恢复到原有位置，就可以启动数据库了 。其详细的冷备份过程如下：
进入数据库：＃sqlplus “/as sysdba”
查看数据库当前状态：SQL>select status from v$instance;
如果没有启动则要启动：SQL>startup;
查询数据文件 datafile 的所在目录：SQL>SELECT name FROM v$datafile;
查询控制文件 controlfile 的所在目录：SQL>SELECT name FROM v$controlfile;
查询重做日志文件的所在目录：SQL> SELECT member FROM v$logfile;
查询归档日志文件的所在目录：
SQL> show parameter arch;
SQL> SELECT name from V$ARCHIVED_LOG;
关闭数据库：SQL>shutdown immediate;
备份相关文件到备份的目录：
＃cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.dbf /home/BackupDatabase/datafiles
＃cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.ctl /home/BackupDatabase/controlfiles
＃cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.log /home/BackupDatabase/redologs
＃cp /home/oracle/arch/*.dbf /home/BackupDatabase/archivelogs
启动数据库：SQL>startup;
下面日志的是我今天在实验机上做的冷备份实践，贴在这里以后参考一下：
[root@newtest ~]# su – oracle
[oracle@newtest ~]$ env | grep SID
ORACLE_SID=Test
[oracle@newtest ~]$ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on Fri Apr 29 09:32:22 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
————
OPEN
SQL> SELECT name FROM v$datafile;
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/system01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/undotbs01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/sysaux01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/users01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/aeonlife.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/jbpm.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/lportal.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/recovery/recovery.dbf
8 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT name FROM v$controlfile;
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/control01.ctl
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/control02.ctl
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/control03.ctl
SQL> SELECT member FROM v$logfile;
MEMBER
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/redo03.log
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/redo02.log
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/redo01.log
SQL> show parameter arch;
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
archive_lag_target integer 0
log_archive_config string
log_archive_dest string
log_archive_dest_1 string location=/home/oracle/arch
log_archive_dest_10 string
log_archive_dest_2 string
log_archive_dest_3 string
log_archive_dest_4 string
log_archive_dest_5 string
log_archive_dest_6 string
log_archive_dest_7 string
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
log_archive_dest_8 string
log_archive_dest_9 string
log_archive_dest_state_1 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_10 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_2 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_3 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_4 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_5 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_6 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_7 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_8 string enable
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
log_archive_dest_state_9 string enable
log_archive_duplex_dest string
log_archive_format string %t_%s_%r.dbf
log_archive_local_first boolean TRUE
log_archive_max_processes integer 3
log_archive_min_succeed_dest integer 1
log_archive_start boolean FALSE
log_archive_trace integer 0
remote_archive_enable string true
standby_archive_dest string ?/dbs/arch
SQL> select name from V$ARCHIVED_LOG;
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/arch/1_391_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_392_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_393_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_394_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_395_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_396_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_397_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_398_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_399_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_400_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_401_739032328.dbf
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/arch/1_402_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_403_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_404_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_405_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_406_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_407_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_408_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_409_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_410_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_411_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_412_739032328.dbf
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/arch/1_413_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_414_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_415_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_416_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_417_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_418_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_419_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_420_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_421_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_422_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_423_739032328.dbf
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/arch/1_424_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_425_739032328.dbf
35 rows selected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> host;
[oracle@newtest ~]$ cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.dbf /home/BackupDatabase/datafiles
[oracle@newtest ~]$ cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.ctl /home/BackupDatabase/controlfiles
[oracle@newtest ~]$ cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.log /home/BackupDatabase/redologs
[oracle@newtest ~]$ cp /home/oracle/arch/*.dbf /home/BackupDatabase/archivelogs
[oracle@newtest home]$ exit
exit
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1224736768 bytes
Fixed Size 2083560 bytes
Variable Size 654312728 bytes
Database Buffers 553648128 bytes
Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>收起
正常关闭数据库
备份所有重要的文件到备份目录（数据文件、控制文件、重做日志文件等）
完成备份后启动数据库
用冷备份进行恢复时，只需要将所有文件恢复到原有位置，就可以启动数据库了 。其详细的冷备份过程如下：
进入数据库：＃sqlplus “/as sysdba”
查看数据库当前状态：SQL>select status from v$instance;
如果没有启动则要启动：SQL>startup;
查询数据文件 datafile 的所在目录：SQL>SELECT name FROM v$datafile;
查询控制文件 controlfile 的所在目录：SQL>SELECT name FROM v$controlfile;
查询重做日志文件的所在目录：SQL> SELECT member FROM v$logfile;
查询归档日志文件的所在目录：
SQL> show parameter arch;
SQL> SELECT name from V$ARCHIVED_LOG;
关闭数据库：SQL>shutdown immediate;
备份相关文件到备份的目录：
＃cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.dbf /home/BackupDatabase/datafiles
＃cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.ctl /home/BackupDatabase/controlfiles
＃cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.log /home/BackupDatabase/redologs
＃cp /home/oracle/arch/*.dbf /home/BackupDatabase/archivelogs
启动数据库：SQL>startup;
下面日志的是我今天在实验机上做的冷备份实践，贴在这里以后参考一下：
[root@newtest ~]# su – oracle
[oracle@newtest ~]$ env | grep SID
ORACLE_SID=Test
[oracle@newtest ~]$ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on Fri Apr 29 09:32:22 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
————
OPEN
SQL> SELECT name FROM v$datafile;
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/system01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/undotbs01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/sysaux01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/users01.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/aeonlife.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/jbpm.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/lportal.dbf
/home/oracle/oradata/recovery/recovery.dbf
8 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT name FROM v$controlfile;
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/control01.ctl
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/control02.ctl
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/control03.ctl
SQL> SELECT member FROM v$logfile;
MEMBER
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/redo03.log
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/redo02.log
/home/oracle/oradata/Test/redo01.log
SQL> show parameter arch;
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
archive_lag_target integer 0
log_archive_config string
log_archive_dest string
log_archive_dest_1 string location=/home/oracle/arch
log_archive_dest_10 string
log_archive_dest_2 string
log_archive_dest_3 string
log_archive_dest_4 string
log_archive_dest_5 string
log_archive_dest_6 string
log_archive_dest_7 string
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
log_archive_dest_8 string
log_archive_dest_9 string
log_archive_dest_state_1 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_10 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_2 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_3 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_4 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_5 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_6 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_7 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_8 string enable
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
log_archive_dest_state_9 string enable
log_archive_duplex_dest string
log_archive_format string %t_%s_%r.dbf
log_archive_local_first boolean TRUE
log_archive_max_processes integer 3
log_archive_min_succeed_dest integer 1
log_archive_start boolean FALSE
log_archive_trace integer 0
remote_archive_enable string true
standby_archive_dest string ?/dbs/arch
SQL> select name from V$ARCHIVED_LOG;
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/arch/1_391_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_392_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_393_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_394_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_395_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_396_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_397_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_398_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_399_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_400_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_401_739032328.dbf
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/arch/1_402_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_403_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_404_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_405_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_406_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_407_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_408_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_409_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_410_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_411_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_412_739032328.dbf
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/arch/1_413_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_414_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_415_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_416_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_417_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_418_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_419_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_420_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_421_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_422_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_423_739032328.dbf
NAME
——————————————————————————–
/home/oracle/arch/1_424_739032328.dbf
/home/oracle/arch/1_425_739032328.dbf
35 rows selected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> host;
[oracle@newtest ~]$ cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.dbf /home/BackupDatabase/datafiles
[oracle@newtest ~]$ cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.ctl /home/BackupDatabase/controlfiles
[oracle@newtest ~]$ cp /home/oracle/oradata/Test/*.log /home/BackupDatabase/redologs
[oracle@newtest ~]$ cp /home/oracle/arch/*.dbf /home/BackupDatabase/archivelogs
[oracle@newtest home]$ exit
exit
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1224736768 bytes
Fixed Size 2083560 bytes
Variable Size 654312728 bytes
Database Buffers 553648128 bytes
Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>收起