oracle 11G数据库安装附加10g安装区别

Linux 下安装oracle教程 by 吴迪

1、  检查系统环境

Cpu：

[root@db_master ~]# grep "modelname" /proc/cpuinfo

model name     :Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 CPU       M 350  @ 2.27GHz

model name     :Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 CPU       M 350  @ 2.27GHz

model name     :Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 CPU       M 350  @ 2.27GHz

model name     :Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 CPU       M 350  @ 2.27GHz

内存：

[root@db_master ~]# grep MemTotal/proc/meminfo

MemTotal:      3264544 kB

[root@db_master ~]# grep SwapTotal/proc/meminfo

SwapTotal:     8289532 kB

内存：

[root@db_master ~]# free -g

            total       used       free    shared    buffers     cached

Mem:             3          0          2          0          0          0

-/+ buffers/cache:          0          3

Swap:            7          0          7

磁盘：

查看机器：

[root@db_master ~]#  uname -a

Linux db_master 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP TueMar 16 21:52:39 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@db_master ~]# more/etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5(Tikanga)

2、   检查安装的rpm包

检查包是否安装

[root@db_master ~]# rpm -q binutilscompat-libstdc elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c  glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers  ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdclibstdc++-devel  make sysstat unixODBCunixODBC-devel

binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5

package compat-libstdc is not installed

elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5

elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5

gcc-4.1.2-48.el5

package gcc-c is not installed

glibc-2.5-49

glibc-2.5-49

package glic-devel is not installed

glibc-headers-2.5-49

ksh-20100202-1.el5

libaio-0.3.106-5

libaio-0.3.106-5

package libaio-devel is not installed

libgcc-4.1.2-48.el5

libgcc-4.1.2-48.el5

package libstdc is not installed

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-48.el5

make-3.81-3.el5

package sysstat is not installed

unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1

unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1

package unixODBC-devel is not installed

安装未安装的包：如下安装方法

插入光盘：mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

cd mnt/Server

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh libgomp-4.4.0-6.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: libgomp-4.4.0-6.el5.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...               ########################################### [100%]

  1:libgomp               ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh gcc-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: gcc-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...               ########################################### [100%]

  1:gcc                   ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

error: Failed dependencies:

         libstdc++-devel= 4.1.2-48.el5 is needed by gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning:libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID37017186

Preparing...                ###########################################[100%]

  1:libstdc++-devel       ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivhgcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...               ########################################### [100%]

  1:gcc-c++               ########################################### [100%]

[root@db_master Server]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.i386.rpm

warning: libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.i386.rpm:Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...               ########################################### [100%]

  1:libaio-devel          ########################################### [100%]

[root@db_master Server]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.x86_64.rpm

warning: libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...               ########################################### [100%]

  1:libaio-devel          ########################################### [100%]

3、  系统配置

（1）新建用户和组

groupadd dba

groupadd oinstall

useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

id oracle

uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall)groups=501(oinstall),500(dba)

[root@db_master /]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New UNIX password:

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.

（2）创建安装目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chmod -R 775 /u01

（3）关闭防火墙和SELINUX

4、  系统内核修改

（1）      查看系统内核

[root@db_masterapp]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward= 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter= 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route= 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid= 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies= 1

kernel.msgmnb =65536

kernel.msgmax =65536

kernel.shmmax =68719476736

kernel.shmall =4294967296

修改或增加如下：

net.ipv4.ip_forward= 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route= 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter= 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route= 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid= 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies= 1

kernel.msgmnb =65536

kernel.msgmax =65536

kernel.shmmax =68719476736

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmni=4096

kernel.sem=25032000 100 128

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=1048576

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=102465000

fs.file-max=6815744

fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

算法：

kernel.shmall =physicalRAM size / pagesize (getconf PAGESIZE) -- If the defaults are greater thenleave it.

kernel.shmall = 内存大小/4k=23G*1024*1024/4k= 6029312

kernel.shmmax =20*1024*1024=20971520 而默认的为68719476736，那么使用默认值

使用sysctl –p 验证配置如果写错会报错如下

正确：

5、  设置用户限制

在/etc/security/limits.conf下修改用户限制

oracle   soft nproc 2047

oracle   hard nproc 16384

oracle   soft nofile 1024

oracle   hard nofile 65536

oracle   soft stack  10240

oracle   hard stack  10240

在login中增加一行如图最后一句

6、  配置系统/etc/profile

在最后增加下面文字：

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

7、  配置oracle环境变量

切换到oracle主目录 : vi  .base_profile

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

       . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startupprograms

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

增加如下代码：

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/db_1

ORACLE_SID=slave

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SIDLD_LIBRARY_PATH

stty erase ^H

alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"

alias rman="rlwrar"

使配置生效：

# Source .base_profile

8、  解压镜像文件

[root@db_master linux]# unziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

[root@db_master linux]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

9、  安装rlwrap 用于sqlplus 上下（在可以放在第一步安装）

10、             安装oracle软件，和dbca 、netca 使用不再陈述，教程过多。

配置xmanager display=笔记本地址：0.0

. oraenv 可用于切换设置ORACLE_SID.

 11、备份任务不开归档，安装后调整数据库文件结构，redo文件增加组，undo增加文件。

1、  修改redo文件大小：

查看状态

SQL>select group#, status ,archived,members,blocksize from v$log;

    GROUP# STATUS            ARC    MEMBERS BLOCKSIZE

-------------------------- --- ---------- ----------

 1 UNUSED         YES            1       512

 2CURRENT        NO             1      512

 3INACTIVE        YES            1       512

SQL>select group#, status,type,member from v$logfile;

    GROUP# STATUS  TYPE   MEMBER

----------------- ------- ------------------------------

 3       ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo03.l

                       og

 2       ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo02.l

                       og

 1       ONLINE  /u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo01.l

                       og

只能删除INACTIVE状态的日志文件，先删除前两个创建，在删除最后一个，使用切换日志调整状态：

SQL>alter database drop logfile group 1;

Databasealtered.

SQL> alter database add logfile group 1('/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo01.log') size 100M reuse;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database drop logfile group3;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile group 3('/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo03.log') size 100M reuse;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database drop logfile group2;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile group 2('/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo02.log') size 100M reuse;

Database altered.

向3个组中增加文件使每个组有两个文件：

SQL> alter database add logfile member

 2 '/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo04.log' to group 1;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile member

 2 '/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo05.log' to group 2;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile member

 2 '/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo06.log' to group 3;

Database alter

新增两组：

SQL> alter database add logfile group 4('/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo07.log') size 100M ;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile member

 2 '/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo08.log' to group 4;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile group 5('/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo09.log') size 100M ;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile member

 2 '/u01/app/oradata/wudi/redo10.log' to group 5;

Database altered.

完成日志文件的修改。

修改UNDO表空间，增加数据文件。

SQL> alter tablespace UNDOTBS1 adddatafile '/u01/app/oradata/wudi/undotbs02.dbf' size 500M autoextend on;

SQL> show parameter processes

NAME                                        TYPE       VALUE

----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

aq_tm_processes                 integer   0

db_writer_processes                     integer   1

gcs_server_processes                   integer   0

global_txn_processes                    integer   1

job_queue_processes                    integer   1000

log_archive_max_processes       integer   4

processes                                 integer   150

SQL> alter system set processes=500scope=spfile;

System altered.

重启生效。

如上操作可提高orale性能。

12、oracle 10 G 安装区别，10 g有几个地方需要设置，其他相同：

修改系统版本：

5.5 改为4 安装完数据库改回来

报错因为没有安装如下包：

剩下的就根据报错提示修改即可。