。。。建议看看show processlist 你就知道为啥慢了 至于你说的后面几个快,副本已经复制了省去了这个步骤
ALTER TABLE operations are processed using one of the following algorithms:
The ALGORITHM clause is optional. If the ALGORITHM clause is omitted, MySQL uses ALGORITHM=INPLACE for storage engines andALTER TABLE clauses that support it. Otherwise, ALGORITHM=COPY is used.
更多参考
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-table.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-table-partition-operations.html